These are some general guidelines for starting to study Japanese.
First, learn the basic pronunciation of Japanese sounds. If you don't
learn proper pronunciation first, you will have to unlearn many words
you learned incorrectly later.
Next, learn the hiragana and
katakana. The sooner you learn how to read
the basic scripts of Japanese the better. Relying on romaji will make it
more difficult later on. Also, learning these will open a wide range of
possibilities for language study resources. Katakana is especially
useful for people who are moving to Japan. The reason for this is that
many of the katakana words you will encounter in Japan are based on
English. (Exp. miruku = milk) It therefore usually requires very little
effort to read it. Since it is sharper looking than any of the other
scripts it is easy to pick out katakana words on packages. This is
incredibly helpful for shopping and reading menus.
Kanji the graphical, diagrammatic
representation of japanese words, which makes one to understand the word
more effectively.
What words should I learn?
The best thing to do is to learn words that you will use often or that
you will hear often. For instance, if you have a cat then most likely it
will come up in conversation at some point, so it would be wise to learn
the word cat. However, if you don't talk about the North Pole all that
often, don't memorize that word just to increase the size of your
vocabulary. Those kinds of words will come later. Time is much better
spent memorizing useful everyday vocabulary.
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